MASSIVE PLEURAL EFFUSION VS LUNG COLLAPSE

Assalamualaikum w.b.t..

Hello guys. I just wanna write what I've learned during my medical school. Sekarang pown tga medical school jgk.haha. poyo lah kau.. Hope some of U And I will be benefited from it.

In summary, we can differentiate between massive pleural effusion and lung collapse by physical examination and also by looking at the chest x-ray. Both can be seen by appearance of total white out in the chest x-ray. the different is when we look at the trachea.


 In massive PLEURAL EFFUSION, we will see that there is tracheal deviation move AWAY from the total white out lesion. Where as, in LUNG COLLAPSE we will see that the trachea will deviated TOWARD the lesion.

Chest X-ray in massive pleural effusion.

Chest X-ray in lung collapse~

So, it is very important to distinguish both of them at Emergency Department because the management will be different keyyy. So kne la cek btol2 psakit tue.haha.


Sekian la aku nak tulis. Psal aku keliru ritu so da tanye Doktor kate camni.haha. Sori la meraban jap.haha. Stay cooL~ Okey. Assalamualaikum..

KOMPLIKASI KENCING MANIS!!

~ASSALAMUALAIKUM W.B.T..

Hai semua. Aku kne stadi pasal ke kencing manis so aku tulis la skali dah alang-alang menyeluk pekasam, biar sampai ke pangkal betis gitu.haha.

WHAT IS DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) yer?
DM is a group of metabolic disorder that characterized by CHRONIC HYPERGLYCEMIA resulting from relative INSULIN DEFICIENCY, INSULIN RESISTANT or both.

Senang crite terlebih gula dalam badan la an..hadoi.


KOMPLIKASI DM??
Nak crite komplikasi DM ni banyak sangat. yg aku crite ni x termasuk emergency presentation dekat hospital.

yang aku ingat complication of DM can be divided into macrovascular and microvascular complication.

MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATION??
DM ni kirenyer risk factor for atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis ni kirenye macam salur darah kite jadi tebal dan sempit la laluan darah tu.

 Jadi, atherosclerosis ni akan menyebabkan pesakit boleh kena:
a) stroke (angin ahmar)
b) ischemic heart disease (sakit jantung la senang crite)
c) peripheral vascular disease


MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATION??
Microvascular complication ni lg spesifik tuk Dm dari macrovascular. habis salur-salur darah kecik dalam badan affected. tapi paling common kt 3 tempat ni:

a) Retina (retina mata)
b) Renal Glumerulus ( salur buah pinggang)
c) Nerve sheath ( urat saraf)

So jadi la dorang-dorang ni Retinopathy, Nephropathy and Neuropathy. So pesakit boleh jadi buta, rosak buah pinggang, and rosak saraf. Da buta x nampak la, kalo rosak buah pinggang kne la buat dialisis.

Pastu kalo saraf rosak nanti kaki jadi kebas, berdenyut-denyut, sakit kaki. tu sensory type neuropathy. kalo autonomic neuropathy lak pesakit boleh jadi mati pucukk (uuppss..), postural hypotension, muntah, cirit-birit, loya dan yang paling penting dan sebagainya.hahaha.


KESIMPULANNYA??
Rumusannya, elak la dari kene DM ni, gi cek gula slalu kt klinik pasal orang tak taw yang dia dah ade DM ni. Bila da kne complication baru nak g Hospital tu da telambat a bang.. PREVENTION is better than CURE.

Sori a bahase bcampur-campur. Aku pown pening camne nak translate BI ke BM.haha. Pnat da taip nak crite pasal DM ni panjang sangat ah. hadoii..

Sekian la oii.. Ceq nk tidoq dah ni.. Stay cooL~ yew..haha. Assalamualaikummm...:)